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How do microneedles work in relationship to the integumentary system? What are the advantages of these structures for use in drug delivery or treatment? Do any side effects or disadvantages exist?
Microneedles are small, needle-like devices that interact with the integumentary system by puncturing the very outermost layer of the skin, called the stratum corneum, without going to the deeper layers where the pain receptors are. This provides a relatively painless method for drug delivery. Medications and vaccines delivered this way avoid the first pass effect through the liver and may have improved absorption. Another advantage would be ease of use, decreased pain, and more uniform dosing. Potential drawbacks could be local irritation, infection possibilities, or technical misuse. These devices are under investigation for use in treating diabetes, as modalities for cancer therapy, and in cosmetic applications. Discuss how the unique design of these devices balances efficacy and safety with consideration of examples from both the article and course materials for a comprehensive response.
